PERED

An Environmental Study on Persian Direct Reduction
(PERED®) Technology: Comparing Capital Cost and
Energy Saving With MIDREX® Technology
Fatemeh Mahnaz Mohsenzadeh 1, Hassan Payab 2*, Mohammad Ali Abdoli 3,
Zahra Abedi 4
1 Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
2 Department of Technical and Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, IRAN
3 School of Environment college of engineering university of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN
4 Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
* Corresponding author: [e-mail]
Abstract
The Midrex office space has been designed for a collaborative environmental work, with an open floor plan
and numerous meeting rooms and areas for discussion. PERED® Direct reduction technology is the new
technology in the world. Iran developed PERED® direct reduction technology for decreasing capital cost and
energy saving. Iron oxide pellets are reduced in the shaft furnace. Top gas return from furnace after cleaning
in scrubber is divided into fuel and process gas. Process and natural gas are mixed together (feed gas) after
preheat in heat recovery system. Reducing gas is generated in the reformer by reacting methane (CH4) with
water vapor (H2O) and recycled carbon dioxide (CO2) in reformer tube. Flue gas is produced due to
combustion of gases in the reformer box. Some changes and improvement in equipment have been done.
Reformer tubes changed from 8 to 10 inch and reformer box volume is decreased. Process and seal gas
compressors are changed from Aerzen rotary lobe type to centrifugal Siemens type. Shaft furnace has a new
design and internal furnace diameter is variable in terms of furnace diameter. China hat equipment replaced
upper cluster breaker. Elimination of upper cluster breaker is done without any problem for movement of
material in the furnace. It is affirm that it does not create any cluster in PERED® technology. Tube bundles
arrangement is developed and one steam tube bundle is increased.
Keywords: PERED®, MIDREX®, heat recovery system, reformer

Mohsenzadeh FM, Payab H, Abdoli MA, Abedi Z (2018) An Environmental Study on Persian Direct
Reduction (PERED®) Technology: Comparing Capital Cost and Energy Saving With MIDREX®
Technology. Ekoloji 27(106): 959-967.

INTRODUCTION
According to a meeting in December 2015, more
than 195 countries reached a consensus to minimize
carbon dioxide emissions to keep the global warming to
lower than 2°C above pre-industrial level (Johannesson
2017). First reliable global measurements of
temperature from NASA are presented in Fig. 1.
The Midrex process was started in 1966 when
Donald Beggs of the Surface Combustion Corporation
came up with an idea to decrease the Midrex process
directly. The Midland-Ross Co. contributed to the
growth of the original process that was later became
Midrex Technologies, Inc. HYL process to decrease
iron ore directly was the fruition of research efforts
initiated by Hojalata y L.mina, S.A. (later known as
Hylsa), at the beginning of the 1950s. The design of four
plants of PERED® technologies (Persian Direct
Reduction), began in 2007 in Iran. Every plant capacity
is 800,000 Ton DRI per year. The PERED®
technologies started producing for the first time in the
world, in Iran in 2017.
As reported by MIDREX®, total world DRI
production in 2017 was 87.1% Mt. It included
MIDREX® 64.8%, HYL/Energiron 16.9%, Other Gas
0.7% and Rotary Kiln, Coal-based 17.6% (CDRI, HBI
and HDRI are 67.88, 8.16, 11.06, respectively). It has
been reported that Iran successfully produced over 20.5
million tons of DRI in 2017.